Objek format .b3d

■ Isi

• 1. Overview
• 2. Syntax
• 3. Available commands
  • [MeshBuilder]
  • Vertex
  • Face
  • Face2
  • Cube
  • Cylinder
  • Translate, TranslateAll
  • Scale, ScaleAll
  • Rotate, RotateAll
  • Shear, ShearAll
  • Mirror, MirrorAll
  • Color, ColorAll
  • EmissiveColor, EmissiveColorAll
  • BlendMode
  • WrapMode
  • Load
  • Transparent
  • Crossfading
  • Coordinates

■ 1. Penjelasan

Objek B3D berfungsi membuat objek dengan perintah teks. Objek ini dapat digunakan di rute atau kereta. Dalam file ini objek dapat dibuat sebanyak mungkin. File ini dapat membuat satu atau lebih polygon. Dalam satu bagian [MeshBuilder] memiliki warna dan tekstur yang sama untuk setiap mesh dan polygon dalam bagian yang sama. Polygon dalam file objek ini disebut dengan Face.

The file is a plain text file encoded in any arbitrary encoding, however, UTF-8 with a byte order mark is the preferred choice. The parsing model for numbers is Loose, however, you are encouraged to produce Strict output nonetheless. The file name is arbitrary, but must have the extension .b3d. The file is interpreted on a per-line basis, from top to bottom.

➟ Lihat juga rangkuman singkat daftar perintah B3D

■ 2. Format penulisan

Setiap baris dalam file ini adalah satu perintah beserta nilai argumennya. Semua sistem penulisan di file ini sama, sebagai berikut:

NameOfTheCommand is case-insensitive. If there are arguments, NameOfTheCommand and Argument1 are separated by at least one space space (U+0020). Arguments are separated by a comma (U+002C). White spaces around the arguments, and well as at the beginning and the end of the line, are ignored. Empty lines or lines solely consisting of white spaces are also ignored.

Argumen dapat dibiarkan kosong, tanpa diisi nilai apapun. Jika kosong, maka nilai default akan dipakai sesuai perintah yang digunakan. Semua nilai default dijelaskan di setiap penjelasan perintah. Catatan: Argumen ₁ tidak boleh kosong jika ada argumen yang diisi di belakangnya.

Komentar bisa ditambahkan di mana saja di akhir teks. Tambahkan titik koma " ; " lalu tulis komentar atau catatan yang diinginkan.

■ 3. Daftar perintah

Perintah ini membuat bagian mesh baru dalam 1 file. Anda bisa membuat [meshbuilder] sebanyak apapun yang diinginkan. Semua keterangan tentang gambar dan warna di bagian ini akan diterapkan ke semua mesh dan poligon ini juga.

Perintah ini berfungsi membuat titik sudut baru yang bisa dibentuk dari perintah Face atau Face2. Anda bisa membuat titik sudut sebanyak mungkin dalam 1 [meshbuilder]. Setiap 1 baris Vertex mempunyai nomor urut dimulai dari 0, yang pasti akan dipakai di perintah selanjutnya. Vertex paling atas nomor urut 0, sedangkan vertex di bawahnya bernomor 1, selanjutnya vertex ke-2, 3, 4, dan seterusnya.

Normals, atau pencahayaan, berfungsi untuk menentukan arah datangnya cahaya ke mesh ini. Jika semuanya diabaikan atau ditulis 0, maka pengaturan cahaya akan dibuat otomatis. Jika anda menggunakan Normals ini, anda dapat mengatur cahaya yang datang di setiap titik sudut.

Perintah ini membuat sebuah bangun datar yang terbentuk dari semua Vertex yang telah dimasukan. Urutan penulisan nomor vertex harus berurut sehingga bisa menjadi satu bangun datar. urutan penulisan nomor vertex sesuai arah jarum jam (misalnya kiri bawah, kiri atas, kanan atas, kanan bawah) akan menghasilkan bangun datar menghadap ke depan. Sebaliknya, akan mengarah ke belakang. Jika menggunakan Face2, bagian depan dan belakang bidang datar akan terlihat.

Perintah ini membuat sebuah bangun datar yang terbentuk dari semua Vertex yang telah dimasukan. Urutan penulisan nomor vertex harus berurut sehingga bisa menjadi satu bangun datar. urutan penulisan nomor vertex sesuai arah jarum jam (misalnya kiri bawah, kiri atas, kanan atas, kanan bawah) akan menghasilkan bangun datar menghadap ke depan. bagian belakang bangun datar juga akan terlihat. Namun pada bagian belakang tidak akan terpengaruh oleh pencahayaan.

This command creates a cube having dimensions as specified by HalfWidth, HalfHeight and HalfDepth. The cube will be centered on the origin (0,0,0). Thus, on the x-axis, the cube extends from -HalfWidth to HalfWidth, on the y-axis from -HalfHeight to HalfHeight and on the z-axis from -HalfDepth to HalfDepth. The cube always has 8 vertices and 6 faces.

This command creates a frustrum. If LowerRadius and UpperRadius are equal, the object generated will reduce to a prism, which can be used as an approximation to the cylinder. If either LowerRadius or UpperRadius are zero, the object generated will reduce to a pyramid. The frustum will be centered on the origin (0,0,0). On the x- and z-axes, the frustum extends from -LowerRadius to LowerRadius for the lower base and from -UpperRadius to UpperRadius for the upper base. On the y-axis, the frustum extends from -1⁄2*Height to 1⁄2*Height.

The number of vertices n will usually suffice to be 6 or 8 when only small radii are used, for example to create a pole. Regardless of the values of UpperRadius, LowerRadius and n, the frustum will always have 2*n vertices, and usually n+2 faces unless any of the caps are omitted. If UpperRadius or LowerRadius are negative, the absolute value is being taken, but the respective caps are not created. If Height is negative, the roles of top and bottom are reversed and the faces will be visible from the inside, while otherwise, they will be visible from the outside.

Perintah ini tidak dipakai di openBVE.

Perintah Translate memindahkan semua mesh yang dibuat dari bagian [MeshBuilder] terakhir, baik Vertex, Cube, atau Cylinder. Semua tulisan yang ada di bawah perintah ini tidak akan berpindah. Anda bisa menggunakan perintah ini sebanyak yang diinginkan. Perintah TranslateAll akan memindahkan semua objek dan mesh yang ditulis dari [MeshBuilder] sampai tulisan di atas perintah ini. Perintah ini berguna pada akhir teks untuk memindahkan semua objek yang sudah ditulis.

Perintah Scale dapat dipakai untuk memperbesar atau memperkecil objek yang sudah dibuat dari [MeshBuilder] terakhir, termasuk Vertex, Cube, dan Cylinder. Tulisan di bawah perintah ini tidak akan terpengaruh. Tidak ada batasan jumlah untuk menggunakan perintah ini. Perintah ScaleAll akan memperbesar atau memperkecil semua mesh yang sudah ditulis dari [meshbuilder] paling atas sampai dengan tulisan di atas perintah ini. Berguna di akhir teks untuk memperbesar atau memperkecil semua objek dalam file. Angka antara 0-1 akan memperkecil, sedangkan lebih dari 1 akan diperbesar. Angka negatif akan menukar kanan-kiri, atas-bawah, atau depan-belakang objek.

The Rotate command rotates all vertices that have been created so far in the current [MeshBuilder] section via the Vertex, Cube or Cylinder commands. Subsequent vertices are not affected. The axis of rotation is specified via the X, Y and Z values. Rotation will occur in the plane perpendicular to that direction. A zero vector for this axis is treated as (1,0,0). All other directions are normalized. You can use as many Rotate commands as desired in a [MeshBuilder] section. The RotateAll command not only affects the vertices generated in the current [MeshBuilder] section, but also those created in previous [MeshBuilder] sections. This is useful to insert at the end of the file in order to rotate the whole object.

The Shear command performs a shear mapping for all vertices that have been created so far in the current CreateMeshBuilder section. The ShearAll command not only affects the vertices generated in the current CreateMeshBuilder section, but also those created in previous CreateMeshBuilder sections. This is useful to insert at the end of the file in order to shear the whole object.

The shear mapping is performed around the origin. Loosely speaking, the object is sliced into planes along the direction D and then displaced along the direction S. Typically, D and S are perpendicular. D and S are always normalized. If Ratio is 0, no transformation is performed. If D and S are perpendicular, a Ratio of 1 corresponds to a slope of 45 degrees.

The Mirror command mirrors all vertices that have been created so far in the current CreateMeshBuilder section via the AddVertex, Cube or Cylinder commands. Subsequent vertices are not affected. The direction(s) to mirror are specified via the X, Y and Z values. You can use as many Mirror commands as desired in a CreateMeshBuilder section.

The MirrorAll command not only affects the vertices generated in the current CreateMeshBuilder section, but also those created in previous CreateMeshBuilder sections. This is useful to insert at the end of the file in order to mirror the whole object.

The Color command sets the color for all faces that were already created in the current [MeshBuilder] section. If no texture is used, the faces will be colored using the color data as specified by Red, Green and Blue. If a texture is used, the pixels in the texture will be multiplied by the color, where multiplying with black results in black and multiplying with white does not change the color of the texture pixels. Values in-between make the texture pixels darker. When lighting is used in the route, the actual color can change depending on the lighting conditions, but will usually become darker.

The ColorAll command sets the color for all faces that were already created in the current [MeshBuilder] section, and those created in the previous [MeshBuilder] sections.

The EmissiveColor command sets the emissive color for all faces that were already created in the current [MeshBuilder] section. The difference between the Color command and the EmissiveColor command is that the Color command is affected by lighting, while the EmissiveColor command is not. Thus, the EmissiveColor command should be used for faces which would emit light themselves, including signals, lamps, windows and the like. The actual color contribution to the faces will be the sum of the light-affected color data and the static emissive color data.

The EmissiveColorAll command sets the color for all faces that were already created in the current [MeshBuilder] section, and those created in the previous [MeshBuilder] sections.

▸ Pilihan tersedia untuk BlendMode:

▸ Pilihan yang bisa dipakai pada GlowAttenuationMode:

This command sets the blend mode for all faces in the current [MeshBuilder] section. The Normal mode replaces screen pixels with texture pixels. The Additive mode adds the color of texture pixels to the color of screen pixels, where adding black does not change the screen pixel, while adding white results in white. If GlowHalfDistance is 0, glow attenuation will be disabled, which is the default. If glow attenuation is to be used, GlowHalfDistance represents the distance in meters at which the glow is exactly at 50% of its intensity. When the camera approaches the face, the face will gradually fade out (become transparent). The function used to determine the exact intensity for a given distance can be influenced with the setting of GlowAttenuationMode. DivideExponent2 creates a smoother transition, but will converge to the maximum intensity very slowly, while DivideExponent4 creates a sharper transition which converges more quickly.

▸ Available options for WrapMode:

This command loads a texture and uses it for all faces in the current CreateMeshBuilder section. The file name is relative to the directory the object file is stored in. You can use PNG, which supports full alpha channels, but use the alpha channel only if absolutely required as it reduces performance. Prefer using a texture without an alpha channel in conjunction with the SetDecalTransparentColor command in order to use color-key transparency.

If NighttimeTexture is used, it specifies the texture to be used on nighttime lighting conditions, while DaytimeTexture then specifies the texture to be used on daytime lighting conditions. The textures might blend into each other and should be designed accordingly. If NighttimeTexture is used, DaytimeTexture must also be specified. If NighttimeTexture is not used, low lighting conditions will make the daytime version darker. Nighttime textures are meant for use with train interior/exterior objects.

This command sets the color used for screendoor transparency for all faces that were already created. The texture loaded via the Load command will become transparent for all pixels which match exactly with the color specified via the Red, Green and Blue parameters. The use of screendoor transparency is much more efficient than using a full alpha channel, so prefer using a texture without an alpha channel and use this command instead to make parts of the texture transparent. You need to specify texture coordinates via the Coordinate command in order for the texture to correctly appear on the faces.

This command controls the blending mode when both a daytime and a nighttime texture are specified.

When this is set to false the behavior is as follows:

1. The daytime texture is drawn.
2. The opacity level for the nighttime texture is calculated from the Track.Brightness value, where a value of 255 produces a fully opaque texture, and a value of 0 produces a fully transparent texture.
3. The nighttime texture is drawn.

When this is set to true the behaviour is as follows:

The opacity level for each texture is blended proportionately, so that for example, a Track.Brightness value of 128 would produce an (approximately) 50% blend of each texture and so-on.

This command associates a coordinate in the texture to the vertex specified by VertexIndex. The index corresponds to the order in which the vertices have been created by the Vertex command, thus the Coordinates command needs to be stated after the corresponding Vertex command. The X and Y values do not necessarily need to be in the range between 0 (left or top) to 1 (right or bottom), but can have any other value. It is assumed in this case that the texture is repeated on an infinite grid where integer values for X and Y correspond to the corners of the texture.